在寫任何argument的文章之前，要先做以下三項審題的關鍵步驟：
● Summarize three points according to the topic
- Main conclusion（結論）
- Main assertion（主張）
- Main prediction (預判)
● What evidence does the author provide to support the conclusion?
→ 文章裡支持結論的「主張」
● Analyze an argument (unstated assumptions)
→ 說出 author 所 assume (that) 的事情 [隱含未表明的也是]
接下來讓我們進入題目實戰演練
Commuters complain that increased rush-hour traffic on Blue Highway between the suburbs and the city center has doubled their commuting time. The favored proposal of the motorists’ lobby is to widen the highway, adding an additional lane of traffic. Opponents note that last year’s addition of a lane to the nearby Green Highway was followed by a worsening of traffic jams on it. Their suggested alternative proposal is adding a bicycle lane to Blue Highway. Many area residents are keen bicyclists. A bicycle lane would encourage them to use bicycles to commute, it is argued, thereby reducing rush-hour traffic.”
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
擁有了上述的三項審題技巧，我們便要開始學會從文章中尋找蛛絲馬跡：
● 列出 main conclusion
Opponents have proposed to add a bicycle lane to Blue Highway rather than(instead of) adopt the motorists’ lobby to widen an additional traffic lane in order to solve the traffic jam problem.
● 作者用哪些證據支持他的結論
- Last year, the city widen the Green Highway, but it led to a worsening of traffic jams on it.
- Many residents are keen bicycles. A bicycle lane would encourage them to use bicycles to commute, it is argued, thereby reducing rush-hour traffic.
● 分析這篇推論，找邏輯錯誤點，並 reason the assumption out（找出言明與未言明的推論，站在作者的視野）
- The author is assuming that last year’s issues still exist this year.
- Green Highway and blue Highway are roughly comparable.
- The author is assuming that if you enjoy riding a bicycle as a hobby, then you are likely to use that as a mode of transportation to commute to work.
- The author is assuming that these working locations are actually within biking distance.
- The author is assuming that this added bicycle lane will not result in any accidents that actually cause MORE traffic delays than the current set up.
以上的寫作預備動作做好了之後，我們就可以開始進入文章撰寫的部分了！
